Tags an area of the site with how rough it is and how much rain it sheds. Manning's n here is the OVERLAND FLOW value, several times the channel value for the same material — at the millimetre depths of sheet flow the surface texture is the whole channel, and using a channel roughness makes runoff arrive far too fast. A Curve Number (1–100) models losses that grow through a storm as the ground wets up; leave it at 0 to use the flat runoff coefficient instead.
Input
Name
Nickname
Description
Type
Areas
Closed curves outlining where this surface type applies, in plan. Curves are projected to the world XY plane, and a cell belongs to a zone when its CENTRE does.
Curve
Surface
A preset surface type. Choosing one fills in the Curve Number and Manning's n below; override either by wiring it, or pick Custom and set both.
Text
Curve Number
CN
SCS Curve Number, 1–100. Higher sheds more: 98 is sealed paving, 61 a healthy lawn on an average soil, 55 mature woodland. Unlike a flat coefficient it makes runoff GROW through a storm as the ground wets up, which is why it suits a design event. 0 disables it in favour of Runoff Coefficient. Wiring this overrides the preset.
Number
Runoff Coefficient
C
Fraction of rainfall that becomes runoff, 0–1, used only when Curve Number is 0. The cruder model, but the one most local guidance is written in.
Number
Manning's n
n
Overland-flow roughness (s/m^⅓). Wiring this overrides the preset. Typical: 0.012 smooth paving, 0.05 gravel, 0.24 short grass, 0.40 woodland litter.
Number
Initial Abstraction Ratio
Ia/S
Fraction of the soil's storage absorbed before ANY runoff starts. 0.05 is the default and the value re-analysis of the original gauge data supports for small, largely impervious urban catchments; the textbook TR-55 figure of 0.2 was fitted to agricultural watersheds and under-predicts urban runoff. Pass 0.2 to reproduce it.